With nearly 100 million people, Henan is the most populated province of China by residency. It borders Hebei to the north, Shandong to the northeast, Anhui to the southeast, Hubei to the south, Shaanxi to the west, and Shanxi to the northwest.

Henan is flat in the east and mountainous in the west and extreme south. The eastern and central parts of the province form part of the North China Plain. To the northwest the Taihang Mountains intrude partially into Henan's borders; to the west the Qinling Mountains enter Henan from the west and end about halfway across Henan, with branches (such as the Funiu Mountains) extending northwards and southwards. To the far south, the Dabie Mountains separate Henan from neighbouring Hubei province.

Henan shares borders with six other provinces. It is bordered to the west by Shaanxi (northwest) and Hubei (southwest), and to the north by Shanxi (northwest) and Hebei (northeast). To the east lie Shandong (northeast) and Anhui (southeast), whose borders meet at a narrow strip of land which separates Henan from Jiangsu to the east.

The Yellow River passes through northern Henan. It enters from the northwest, via the Sanmenxia Reservoir. After it passes Luoyang, the Yellow River is raised via natural sedimentation and artificial construction onto a levee, higher than the surrounding land. From here onwards, the Yellow River divides the Hai He watershed to the north and the Huai He watershed to the south. The Huai He itself originates in southern Henan. The southwestern corner of Henan, around Nanyang, is part of the drainage basin of the Han Shui River across the border in Hubei.

There are many reservoirs in Henan. Major ones include the Danjiangkou Reservoir on the border with Hubei, the Sanmenxia Reservoir, the Suyahu Reservoir, the Baiguishan Reservoir, the Nanwan Reservoir, and the Banqiao Reservoir.

Henan has a temperate continental climate, with most rainfall in summer. Temperatures average about 0°C in January, and 27 to 28°C in July.

Zhengzhou University

Henan University

Henan Normal University

Henan University of Technology

Henan Agricultural University 

Henan Medical University

Henan College of Traditional Chinese Medicine

Henan University of Science and Technology

Kaifeng University

Xinxiang University

Huanghe Science and Technology University

Nanyang Institute of Technology

North China Institute of Water Conservancy and Hydroelectric Power

Shangqiu Normal University

Zhengzhou Institute of Aeronautical Industry Management

Henan Polytechnic

Jiaozuo Institute of Technology

Anyang Teacher's College

Zhengzhou Grain University

Zhengzhou University of Technology

Zhengzhou Textile Institute

Zhengzhou College of Animal Husbandry Engineering

Luo Yang Institute of Technology

Pingdingshan Normal College

Xinyang Teachers College

Xinxiang Medical University

Henan Vocational Technical Teacher's College

Nanyang Teachers College