Heilongjiang borders Jilin in the south and Inner Mongolia to the west; it also borders Russia to the north.

Heilongjiang is a land of varied topography. Much of the province is dominated by mountain ranges such as the Greater Khingan Range and Lesser Khingan Range, Zhangguangcai Mountains, Laoye Mountains, and Wanda Mountains. The highest peak is Mount Datudingzi at 1690 m (5545 ft), located on the border with Jilin province). The Greater Khingan Range contains China's largest remaining virgin forest and is an important area for China's forestry industry.

The interior of the province, which is relatively flat and low in altitude, contains the Muling River, the Naoli River, the Songhua River, the Nen River, and the Mudan River, all tributaries of the Amur's basin, while the northern border forms part of the Amur valley. Xingkai Lake (or Khanka Lake) is found on the border with Russia's Primorsky Krai.

Northeast Forestry University

Harbin Institute of Technology

Harbin Engineering University

Northeast Agricultural University

Harbin University of Science and Technology

Heilongjiang University

Heilongjiang Institute of Technology

Harbin Medical University

Daqing Staff and Workers University

Daging Petroleun Institute

Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine

Heilongjiang Commercial University

Harbin Normal University

Heilongjiang August First Land Reclamation University